Dictionary

Accessory bone (accessory ossicle) Acetylsalicylic acid Achilles Tendinitis Achilles tendon reflex (ASR) Achilles tendon rupture Acromioclavicular Arthritis Acromioclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Joint Prosthetic Surgery Acromioclavicular Ligament Acupuncture Acute injury Acute injury phase Acute low back pain Acute pain Adaptive dysfunction Adductor muscles Adhesion release Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (frozen shoulder) Adhesive joint capsule Adipose tissue Age-related degeneration Age-related osteoporosis Aging of the musculoskeletal system Alignment disorder Allodynia Alloplastic material Alveolar fracture Analgesia Analgesics Anatomy Angiogenesis Angular deformity Angular deformity of a limb Angular instability Angular osteotomy Angular stable fixation with locking plates Angular stable implants Angulation Ankle joint (talocrural joint) Ankle sprain Ankylosing spondylitis Ankylosis Annulus fibrosus Annulus fibrosus tear Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture Anterior vertebral displacement Anterolisthesis Arm (upper arm) Arthoplasty Arthralgia Arthritic damage Arthritis Arthrography Arthrokinematics Arthropathy Arthroscopic ligament repair Arthroscopic meniscus repair Arthroscopic restoration Arthroscopic surgery Articular cartilage Articular dysfunction syndromes Artificial Disc Artificial joint Artificial joint (arthroplasty) Aseptic necrosis Athlete rehabilitation Atrophy Avascular necrosis (bone) / Osteonecrosis Axial compression of the spine Axial load injury Axial loading Axial spondyloarthritis

Back muscles (spinal muscles). Back pain Back stiffness Bacterial osteomyelitis Baker’s cyst Balance support Balance test Bechterew's disease Biceps brachii tendinopathy Biceps Tendinitis Bicipital groove (radial nerve groove) Bimetallic implants Bioabsorbable osteosynthesis Bioactive implants Biodegradation of materials Biodynamic movement Biological cartilage repair Biological healing Biological injections Biological osteosynthesis Biological rehabilitation Biological therapy Biological therapy with PRP/stem cells Biological tissue response Biomaterials for orthopedic implants Biomechanical analysis Biomechanical gait analysis Biomechanical imbalance Biomechanical instability Biomechanical stress biomechanics Body Mass Index (BMI) and joint loading Body posture Body symmetry Body Weight Support (BWS) Bone Bone biological augmentation Bone biopsy Bone cement Bone contusion Bone deformity Bone densitometry (DEXA scan) Bone density Bone edema Bone fixation Bone fracture Bone fracture (disruption of bone continuity) Bone fragility Bone fusion Bone graft Bone grafting Bone grafting Bone grafts Bone healing Bone healing / Osseous consolidation Bone hyperplasia Bone hypoplasia Bone instability Bone loss Bone marrow Bone mass Bone mass loss Bone microarchitecture Bone microdamage Bone necrosis Bone overload Bone reconstruction Bone remodeling Bone remodeling (healing callus formation) Bone resorption Bone sclerosis Bone socket Bone stress Bone substitute / Graft Bone tissue Brachial ligament Brachial neuropathy Brachialgia Brachydactyly Bulging disc Burning pain (causalgia) Bursitis

Calcaneal valgus Canal obliteration Capsular restriction Capsulectomy Capsulitis Carpal tunnel syndrome Cartilage Cartilage Cartilage damage Cartilage damage Cartilage lesion Cartilage perforation Cartilage wear Cartilaginous tissue cast Cauda equina syndrome Cauda equina syndrome Caudal Epidural Injection Center of gravity line Central disc herniation Central movement dysfunction Central sensitization Central spinal stenosis Ceramic implants Cervical alignment Cervical disc disease Cervical disc disease (cervical discopathy) Cervical disc disease/ Herniated disc Cervical Facet Joint Injections Cervical fatigue Cervical flexion loading Cervical hyperextension Cervical instability Cervical micro-instability Cervical myelopathy Cervical overload Cervical radicular syndrome Cervical radiculitis Cervical radiculopathy Cervical radiculopathy Cervical spinal canal stenosis Cervical Spinal Nerve Analgesia (CSPA) Cervical spinal stenosis Cervical spine (cervical region) Cervical Spine Injury Cervical spondylosis Cervical stiffness Cervical strain Cervical syndrome Cervicobrachial syndrome Cervicobrachial Syndrome Cervicocephalic Syndrome Cervicogenic dizziness Cervicogenic headache Chest pain Chiropractic Therapy Chondral Defect Chondral degeneration Chondral osteoarthritis Chondral osteoarthritis Chondral restoration Chondrocytes Chondrogenesis Chondroid tendinopathy Chondromuscular instability Chondroplasty Chondroplasty Chondrosarcoma Chondrosynthesis Chronic condition Chronic degenerative disease Chronic degenerative overload Chronic dysfunction Chronic inflammation Chronic injury Chronic joint instability Chronic mechanical dysfunction Chronic motor dysfunction Chronic muscle fatigue Chronic musculoskeletal overload Chronic overload Chronic pain Chronic tendinitis Clavicle Clinical instability Closed Fracture Reduction Clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) Clubfoot deformity Cobalt-Chromium Alloys Cobb angle (scoliosis measurement) Coccydynia Coccygeal instability Coccyx Cold compression Cold immobilization Cold pack Cold pain Collagen Collateral ligament Colles’ Fracture Combined torsional loading Comminuted fracture Compartment syndrome Compensatory kyphosis Complex fracture Compression fracture Computed tomography (CT) Condyle Condylitis Condylopathy Condyoplasty Cooling Core muscle weakness Core muscles Core stability Core stability Core stability Core strengthening Corrective osteotomy Corrective osteotomy for valgus deformity Corrective osteotomy for valgus deformity Cortical bone (compact bone) Costotransverse block Costotransverse Joint Injections Cranio-cervical instability or upper cervical degeneration Cruciate ligament rupture Cruciate Ligaments Crutch Cryoarthrotherapy Cryotherapy Cryotherapy Custom orthotic device Cyclops lesion

Day rehabilitation Deep muscle system Deformity correction Deformity of the xiphoid process Degenerative changes Degenerative changes in the zygapophyseal (facet) joints of the spine. Degenerative changes of the cervical spine Degenerative chondropathy Degenerative disc changes Degenerative disc disease (DDD) Degenerative disease Degenerative glenohumeral impingement syndrome Degenerative instability Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) Degenerative joint dysfunction Degenerative kyphosis Degenerative myelopathy Degenerative osteoarthritis Degenerative scoliosis Degenerative spinal deformity Degenerative spondyloarthropathy Degenerative spondyloarthropathy Degenerative spondyloarthropathy (spinal osteoarthritis) Degenerative spondylolisthesis Degenerative spondylopathy Degenerative Tendinopathy Degree of injury (e.g., Grade 1, 2, 3) Degree of joint stiffness Delayed muscle activation Delayed union Deltoid ligament of the ankle Deltoid muscle Denervation Diabetic neuropathy Diagnostic evaluation Diagnostic evaluation Diaphyseal fracture diaphysis Diaphysis of a bone Diffuse pain Diffusion measurements Digital image restoration Digital orthopedic gait analysis Digital radiography Digital Tomography Digital tomography (CT) Disc Annulus Formation Disc bulging Disc degeneration (intervertebral disc degeneration) Disc dehydration Disc disease (discopathy) Disc height reduction Disc instability Disc pressure Disc prolapse
 Disc protrusion Disc protrusion (bulging disc) Disc protrusion (disc bulge) Disc replacement Disc-vertebral degeneration (disc-osteochondropathy) Discectomy Discitis Discitis (inflammation of the intervertebral disc) Discogenic pain Discogenic syndrome Discography (discogram) Discoplasty Dislocation Dislocation Dizziness (vertigo) Dorsal surface Dorsalgia Dorsalgia Dorsiflexion Dry arthropathy Dry Arthropathy (Xeroarthritis) Dry bone alteration Dry degeneration of cartilage Dry joint (reduced synovial lubrication) / Joint dryness Dry joint dysfunction Dry needling Dry osteitis Dry tissues Dura mater Dynamic instability Dynamic joint stability Dynamic osteosynthesis Dysfunction zone Dyskinesia

Edema Elbow Elbow Dysfunction Elbow Overuse Syndrome Electrical muscle stimulation Electromyography (EMG) Electroneurography (Nerve Conduction Study) Electrophysiological assessment Electrotherapy Endoscopic intervertebral disc surgery Endoscopic Intervertebral Disc Surgery Endoscopic spine surgery Enthesopathy Eosinophilic bone granuloma Epicondylitis Epidural fibrosis Epidural injection Epidural lipomatosis Epidural Perineural Injection Epidural Perineural Injection Epidural space Ergonomics Exostosis Extensor loading (extension stress) Extensor muscles External fixation (external osteosynthesis) Extra-articular pain Extracorporeal shock wave therapy Extruded Disc Herniation

Facet Joint (Zygapophyseal Joint) Facet joint arthropathy (facet joint syndrome) Facet joint degeneration Facet joint denervation (radiofrequency ablation) Facet joint hypertrophy Facet joint infiltration (facet joint injection) Facet joint inflammation Facet joint syndrome (zygapophyseal joint syndrome) Facet joints Facet syndrome Facet Tropism Failed back surgery syndrome Fasciitis Femoral condyles Femoral Head Femoral Head Dysplasia Femoral Neck Femoroacetabular impingement Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) Femorotibial joint Femur Fiber-reinforced polymers Fibroblastic activity around implants Fibrocartilage Fibromyalgia Fibrous ankylosis of a joint Fibrous dysplasia of bone. Fibrous tissue Fibula (peroneal bone) Fibula (peroneal bone) Flatfoot Flexible / rigid flatfoot Flexible / rigid flatfoot (pes planus) Foot overpronation Foot overpronation syndrome Footwear-related imbalance / Foot imbalance Foraminal disc herniation Foraminal Entrapment Foraminal stenosis Foraminal Stenosis Foraminotomy Forearm Fracture Fracture displacement Fracture maturation (healing) Fracture recurrence Fracture union Fracture-related injury Functional alignment Functional asymmetry Functional brace Functional disorganization Functional instability Functional joint instability Functional leg shortening Functional limitation Functional limitation of movement Functional loading Functional rehabilitation Functional retraining Functional scoliosis

Gait (walking) Gait cadence Gait characteristics Gait disorder Gait instability Ganglion (ganglion cyst) Ganglion cyst Gastrocnemius muscle Gastrocnemius muscle Gastrocnemius rehabilitation Gastrocnemius strain Generalized arthropathy Generalized degeneration Generalized ligamentous laxity Generalized muscle fatigue Generalized musculoskeletal pain Generalized osteoarthritis Generalized osteoporosis Generation of implants (e.g. 3rd generation) Genetic hip dysplasia Genetic predisposition Genu valgum Genu valgum (knock-knee) Genu valgum (knock-knees) Genu varum (bow legs). Genu varum–valgum deformity (mixed knee malalignment) Giant cell bone tumor Glenohumeral hyperextension syndrome Glenohumeral impingement syndrome Glenohumeral instability Glenohumeral instability, anterior/posterior Glenohumeral joint Glenohumeral joint Glenohumeral joint Glenohumeral overload syndrome Glenohumeral rehabilitation after dislocation Glenohumeral syndrome Glenoid cavity Glenoid cavity (glenoid fossa) Glenoid dyskinesis Glenoid labrum Glenoid ligament Glisson sling Gluteal atrophy Gluteal muscles (gluteus maximus, medius, minimus) Gluteal nerve entrapment Gluteal tendinopathy Gluteal weakness Gonarthrosis Göttingen Intensive Back Program Greenstick fracture Growth plate

Haglund’s deformity Hallux rigidus Hallux valgus Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Hamstring muscles Hamstring tightness Heat treatment of implants heel spur Heel spur Hemarthrosis Hemi-prosthesis Hemiarthroplasty Hemiarthroplasty implants Hemibody (right/left) Hemicraniectomy Hemilaminectomy Hemiparesis Hemiparesis Hemiplegia Hemivertebra Hemivertebral asymmetry Hemivertebral deformity Hemivertebral instability Hemivertebral loading Hemivertebrectomy (hemispondylectomy) Hepatic osteopathy Herniated disc (disc herniation) Herpes zoster (shingles) High arthroplasty High injury High support Hip Hip arthroplasty Hip dysplasia Hip hemiarthroplasty Hip hypoplastic dysplasia Hip joint (iliofemoral joint) Hip osteoarthritis Hip valgus Humeral epicondyle (medial/lateral) Humeral tuberosity (brachial tubercle) Humeroradial arthroplasty Humeroradial joint Humeroulnar joint Humeroulnar stabilization Humerus Hyaline cartilage Hydroarthritis Hydrotherapy Hyperalgesia Hyperextension Hyperextension injury Hyperkyphosis Hyperlordosis Hypermobility Hypomobility Hypoxic tissue necrosis

Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head Idiopathic pain Idiopathic scoliosis Iliopsoas muscle Iliopsoas spasm Iliopsoasitis Iliotibial band Iliotibial band friction syndrome Iliotibial band syndrome Ilium Implant biocompatibility Implant coatings Implant fixation zone Implant osseointegration Implant–bone interface Incomplete fracture / Greenstick fracture Incorrect load distribution Incorrect movement patterns Indomethacin Infection carrier (in wounds) Inflammation (Body’s Response to Injury) Inflammatory Arthritis Inflammatory arthropathy Inflammatory bone lesion Inflammatory Conditions Inflammatory Degeneration Inflammatory Infiltration Inflammatory ligament sprain Inflammatory myofascial syndrome Inflammatory osteoarthritis Inflammatory osteomyelitis Inflammatory Pain Inflammatory periostitis Inflammatory process Inflammatory response Inflammatory shoulder bursitis Inflammatory Soft Tissue Reaction Inflammatory Spondyloarthritis Inflammatory spondyloarthropathy Inflammatory spondyloarthropathy Inflammatory supraspinatus tendinopathy Inflammatory tendinitis Inflammatory tenorrhaphy Infrapatellar (anserine) bursitis Injuries – Trauma Injury Injury cryotherapy Injury of the xiphoid process Injury Rehabilitation Internal fixation (osteosynthesis) Intertrochanteric osteotomy Intervertebral disc Intervertebral disc Intervertebral disc calcification Intervertebral disc degeneration intervertebral disc herniation Intervertebral disc prolapse Intervertebral Disc Surgery Intervertebral foramen collapse Intervertebral space narrowing Intra-articular inflammation Intra-articular injection Intra-articular lesion Intradiscal pressure Intramedullary nailing Intramuscular dysfunction Intraspinal pressure Ischemia Ischial osteotomy Ischial Tuberosity Ischiofemoral decompression Ischiofemoral impingement Ischioplasty Isokinetic assessment Isokinetic exercise Isokinetic strengthening Isometric contraction Isometric exercise Isometric stabilization Isotonic contraction Isotonic exercise Isthmic spondylolisthesis

Joint angle Joint angular kinematics Joint bending (flexion) Joint biomechanics Joint capsule Joint capsule (articular capsule) Joint Center of Rotation Joint chondrosis Joint compressive force Joint crepitus Joint deformity Joint degeneration Joint degeneration Joint disease Joint dislocation Joint dryness Joint dysfunction Joint effusion Joint end-feel Joint endoscopy (arthroscopy) Joint erosion Joint flexion Joint Friction Joint hypermobility Joint hypermobility Joint hypertrophy Joint hypofunction Joint inflammation Joint instability Joint kinematics Joint laxity Joint loading Joint loading position Joint loading zone Joint mobility Joint movement Joint overload Joint overload Joint overuse syndrome Joint position Joint pseudo-instability Joint Rehabilitation Joint rehabilitation after fracture Joint restriction Joint rotation Joint stability Joint stabilization Joint stiffness Joint support Joints Juvenile osteoporosis Juvenile scoliosis

Kieser Training Kinesiology Kinesiotherapy Kinetic asymmetry Kinetic chain Knee – Total Knee Arthroplasty Knee (knee joint) Knee arthroscopy Knee chondropathy Knee dyskinesia Knee instability syndrome Knee loading angle Knee osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis of the knee) Knee osteoarthritis (degenerative arthritis) Knee pseudo-arthroplasty Knee valgus Kyphoplasty Kyphoscoliosis Kyphosis

Labral tear Labral Tear (Labral Detachment) Laminectomy Laminectomy Laminoplasty Laminotomy Latent ligamentous instability Lateral collateral ligament Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Lateral curvature of the spine Lateral disc herniation Lateral displacement Lateral flexion Lateral instability Lateral loading Lateral movement deviation Latissimus dorsi muscle Layering of implant materials (material stratification) Lendenwirbelsäule - Lumbale Spinalnervenanalgesie (LSPA) Lengthening of the spinal muscles Ligament Ligament injuries Ligament injuries (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL) Ligament injury Ligament injury Ligament laxity Ligament repair (ligament suturing) Ligament rupture Ligament rupture Ligament sprain (traumatic ligament strain) Ligament sprains Ligament strain Ligament strain (sprain without rupture) Ligamentum flavum Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy Limb (Extremity) Limb realignment Limb shortening Limb shortening after fracture Limb valgus deformity Limited range of motion Limited range of motion Line of body weight (line of gravity) Linear load Lines of load (loading lines) Lipoarthritis Lipodystrophy (in a musculoskeletal context) lipoma Lipomatosis Lithification (tissue calcification) Load (mechanical load) Load asymmetry Load balance Load distribution Load-bearing pain Looser zones (pseudofractures in osteomalacia) Lordosis Loss of bone continuity Loss of cervical lordosis Loss of lumbar lordosis Low back pain Low bone density Lower limb brachymetry Lower limb loading line (mechanical axis) Lower limb thrombophlebitis Lumbago (low back pain) Lumbar belt (orthopedic) Lumbar disc disease lumbar facet cyst Lumbar Facet Joint Injections Lumbar lordosis Lumbar pain (lumbago) Lumbar radiculopathy Lumbar radiculopathy Lumbar spinal fusion Lumbar Spinal Nerve Analgesia Lumbar spinal stenosis Lumbar spinal stenosis Lumbar spine Lumbar strain syndrome lumbar support Lumbar support belt Lumbosacral region Lumbosciatica Lymphadenitis (postoperative/traumatic) Lymphangitis (in a trauma context) Lymphatic drainage Lymphedema Lysosomal degeneration

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Malunion Mandatory immobilization Manual therapy Massive disc herniation Maxillary sinus pain Mechanical alignment Mechanical Axis of the Lower Limb Mechanical joint loading Mechanical loading Mechanical pain Mechanical stress Mechanical stress (biomechanical stress) Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Medical Training Therapy (MTT) Medication / Pharmacological treatment Meningeal roots Meniscal injuries Meniscal injuries Meniscal injury Meniscal perforation Meniscal repair Meniscal Tear Meniscectomy Meniscopathy Meniscus Metacarpus Metaphyseal Fracture Metastasis Metatarsus Metrizamide contrast medium Microdiscectomy Microfracture Technique Microfractures / Microfracture Microscopic Nerve Decompression Microsurgery Microsurgical decompression Microsurgical Intervertebral Disc Surgery (Microdiscectomy) Microsurgical reconstruction Microtrauma Migraine Mildness of symptoms Mobility test Mobility therapy Mobilization techniques Modic changes Monitoring therapy (AHB) Morton’s Neuroma Motion Segment Motor control Motor control zone Motor coordination Motor coordination Movement Load Movement rehabilitation Multilevel cervical disc disease Multiple fractures Multiple myeloma
 Muscle (muscular tissue) Muscle activation zone Muscle atrophy Muscle atrophy Muscle attachment (tendon insertion) Muscle balance Muscle balance Muscle balance Muscle contraction Muscle contusion (traumatic strain) Muscle coordination Muscle disorganization Muscle dysfunction Muscle dysregulation Muscle fatigue Muscle fatigue syndrome Muscle fiber tear Muscle hyperactivity Muscle hypertonia Muscle hypertrophy Muscle hypertrophy Muscle hypotonia Muscle imbalance Muscle insufficiency Muscle lengthening Muscle overactivity Muscle protective contraction Muscle relaxation Muscle rupture Muscle shortening Muscle spasm Muscle stabilization Muscle stiffness Muscle strain Muscle strain Muscle strain Muscle strain Muscle strength distribution Muscle strengthening Muscle strengthening Muscle synchronization Muscle tear Muscle tear
 Muscle tension zones Muscle tunnel Muscle underactivity Muscle underfunction / hypofunction Muscle weakness (paresis) Musculoskeletal asymmetry Musculoskeletal dysfunction Musculoskeletal pain Musculoskeletal rehabilitation Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Musculoskeletal system Musculoskeletal thoracic pain Musculoskeletal ultrasound Myalgia Myelography Myelopathy Myofascial activation Myofascial dysfunction Myofascial pain Myofascial pain syndrome Myofascial Syndrome Myofascial tension Myofascial Tension Myofascial trigger points Myogelosis Myoligamentous Structure Myopathy Myositis Myotendinitis Myotendinous Junction Myotendinous Structure Rehabilitation Myxoid degeneration of the meniscus

Neck pain (cervical pain) Necrotic lesion Necrotic osteopathy Necrotic Tissue Neovascularization Nerve Nerve block Nerve compression Nerve compression Nerve conduction Nerve conduction study (NCS) Nerve decompression Nerve dysfunction
 Nerve entrapment Nerve entrapment (nerve compression) Nerve irritation Nerve loss Nerve root Nerve root block Nerve root compression Nerve root compression Nerve root decompression Nerve root radiculopathy
 Nerve thermocoagulation (radiofrequency ablation) Nerve transfer Nervous sensitization Nervous system Neural decompression Neural fatigue Neural gliding Neuralgia Neuritis Neuritis
 Neurodynamic mobilization Neurodynamics Neurogenic claudication – Neuroinflammation Neurological deficit Neurological Examination Neurological symptomatology Neurolysis Neuromuscular adaptation Neuromuscular Control Neuromuscular coordination Neuromuscular dysfunction Neuromuscular electrical stimulation Neuromuscular fatigue Neuromuscular function Neuromuscular instability Neuromuscular Re-education Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Neuromuscular reorganization Neuropathic pain Neuropathic pain Neuropathy Neuroplasticity Neurorrhaphy Neurostimulation Neurosurgical decompression Neurosurgical Evaluation Neurotomy Neutral alignment position Neutral zone of the spine NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Normal alignment Normal body posture Normal joint Normal lordosis Normal Mobility Normal Spinal Curvature Nucleus pulposus Nucleus pulposus Nucleus pulposus prolapse

Obesity Oblique abdominal injury Oblique osteotomy Oblique pelvic position Oblique scoliosis Obstructive Osteoarthritis Obstructive osteoarthropathy Occipital bone Occipital neuralgia Occipito-cervical region Olecranon Online rehabilitation (as a service term). Onset of pain Orthobiologic therapies Orthopedic Brace Orthopedic implants Orthopedic rehabilitation Orthopedic surgery Orthosis (Splint/Brace) Orthostatic intolerance Orthotic correction (Orthosis): Orthotic device Orthotic devices Osmotic pressure Osseointegration Osseointegration zone Ossification Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL): Osteitis Osteoarthritic degeneration Osteoarthritis Osteoarthropathy (general term) Osteoblasts Osteochondral lesion Osteochondral lesions Osteochondral tissue Osteochondritis Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondrosis Osteoclasts Osteogenesis Osteokinematics Osteolysis Osteomalacia Osteomyelitis Osteonecrosis Osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) Osteopenia Osteophytes Osteophytes (bone spurs) Osteoporosis Osteoporotic fracture Osteosclerotic lesion Osteosynthesis Osteosynthesis plate Osteotomy Overload Overpronation / Underpronation of the foot Overpronation and supination syndrome Overstretching Overuse Overuse muscle fatigue Overuse syndrome Overuse syndrome Overuse Tendinopathy

Paget’s disease Pain Management for Chronic Local Cervical Syndrome Pain on extension Pain on flexion Pain receptor (nociceptor) Pain syndrome Pain zone Painful movement Paracentral disc herniation Paraspinal palpation Paravertebral injection Paresthesia Pars interarticularis defect (pars defect) Partial ligament rupture Partial tenectomy Passive mobility Patella Patellar chondromalacia Patellar chondropathy Patellar chondrosis Patellar dislocation Patellar tendon Patellar Tracking Disorder Patellofemoral joint Patellofemoral pain syndrome Pathological deviation (gait deviation) Pathological fracture Pectoralis minor muscle Pelvic asymmetry Pelvic fracture Pelvic girdle Pelvic girdle Pelvic ring Pelvic tilt Pelvic tilt (uneven pelvis) Pelvic tilt / pelvic asymmetry Pelvis Percutaneous Discectomy, Nucleectomy Percutaneous kyphoplasty Percutaneous techniques Percutaneous vertebroplasty Periarthritis Periarthritis Periarthritis of the shoulder (PHS – Periarthritis humeroscapularis) Periarticular disorders Periodic pain Periosteal edema Periosteum Periostitis Peripheral neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy Periprosthetic infection Peroneal muscles (fibular muscles) Peroneal tendinitis Personalized therapy Perthes disease Pes valgoplanus Pes valgus Phalanges (digits) Pharmacological pain management Pharmacological treatment (orthopedic) Phlebitis Physical fitness Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation Physiotherapy Piriformis muscle syndrome Piriformis syndrome Pivot shift phenomenon Plantar arch Plantar dysfunction Plantar fascia Plantar fasciitis Plantar fasciitis Plantar instability Plantar loading Popliteal region Positive Lachman test Positive Thomas test Post-traumatic arthritis Post-traumatic arthritis syndrome Post-traumatic arthropathy Post-traumatic chondropathy Post-traumatic edema Post-traumatic etiology Post-traumatic pseudo-dislocations Post-traumatic stiffness Post-traumatic valgus deformity of a joint Posterior chain weakness Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) rupture Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) strain Posterior disc displacement Posterior disc protrusion Posterior Interlaminar Epidural Injection Posterior ligament Posterior loading of the spine Posterior longitudinal ligament Posterior muscle chain Posterior spine Posterior tibia Postoperative rehabilitation Postoperative Rehabilitation Postoperative stiffness Postural asymmetry Postural control Postural disorders Postural overcorrection Postural syndrome Posture modification Prehabilitation Preservation of mobility Pressure distribution Prevalence Primary osteoarthritis Primary pain Procaine Progressive degeneration Proprioception Proprioceptive disorder Proprioceptive instability Prosthesis / implant Prosthetic joint Prosthetic limb Protective muscle spasm Protrusion of the xiphoid process Pseudarthritic pain Pseudo-dislocation Pseudo-epicondylitis Pseudo-flexed posture Pseudo-fracture Pseudo-fusion Pseudo-hypermobility of a joint Pseudo-ligament Pseudo-ligamentous rupture Pseudo-limb deformity Pseudo-muscular dysfunction Pseudo-osteotomy pathology Pseudo-radicular pain Pseudo-radicular syndrome Pseudo-rigidity Pseudo-rotational deformity Pseudo-rupture Pseudo-strain Pseudo-stress fractures Pseudo-tendinitis of the gastrocnemius muscle Pseudo-tendinous sclerosis Pseudo-tenondyclia Pseudo-tenorrhagia Pseudo-vertebral compression Pseudoarthric dysfunction Pseudoarthroses Pseudoarthrosis Pseudocyst Pseudocystic bone lesion Pseudohypertrophy of muscles Pseudokyphosis Pseudomyalgia Pseudoscoliosis Pseudospondylolisthesis Pseudotendinopathy Pseudotumor Psychogenic pain aggravation Psychogenic pain amplification Psychological pain amplification Psychological pain burden Psychological pain factors Psychological rehabilitation support Psychomotor rehabilitation Psychomusculoskeletal dysfunction Psychosocial pain factors Psychosomatic burden Psychosomatic dysfunction Psychosomatic limb pain Psychosomatic musculoskeletal pain Psychosomatic orthopedic pain Pubic bone Pubic symphysis Pubic symphysitis (osteitis of the pubic symphysis) Pubis (pubic bone) Puncture (aspiration)

Q angle (Q-angle) Q-Angle (Quadriceps Angle) Quadriceps femoris / quadriceps muscle

Radial Joint Radial Nerve Radical treatment Radicular pain Radicular pain Radicular pain Radicular sensitization Radicular sensitization Radicular symptoms Radicular syndrome Radiculopathy Radiofrequency ablation Radiology Range of motion Range of motion (ROM) assessment Recurrent dislocation Recurrent knee instability Recurrent low back pain Recurrent pain Reduction Referred pain Referred pain zones Referred visceral pain to the back Referred visceral pain to the back Reflex sympathetic dystrophy Rehabilitation after arthroplasty Rehabilitation belt Rehabilitation Phase Rehabilitation protocol Rehabilitation role Rehabilitation technique Rehabilitation therapy Rekonstruktive Operation Relapse / Recurrence Relapse / Recurrence Relaxation of Intervertebral Discs Repetitive microtrauma Repetitive Motion Load Repetitive strain Resection Residual pain Residual stiffness Respiratory muscle insufficiency Restoration of mobility Restorative rest Reversal of lordosis Rheumatic disease Rheumatic disease (rheumatopathy) Rheumatic inflammatory process Rheumatic involvement Rheumatic involvement of the spine Rheumatic joint involvement Rheumatic joint involvement Rheumatic pain Rheumatic stiffness Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid polyarthritis Rheumatologic diseases Rheumatologic diseases Rheumatologic inflammation Rib-related pain Rickets Right-sided scoliosis Rigid flatfoot (rigid pes planovalgus) Robotic surgery Rotational control Rotational deformity Rotational instability Rotational knee instability Rotator cuff injuries Rotator cuff tear Rotator cuff tear Rotator cuff tear Rotator cuff tear syndrome Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy

Sacroiliac dysfunction Sacroiliac fusion Sacroiliac joint Sacroiliac joint Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ) Sacroiliac joint dysfunction Sacroiliac joint dysfunction syndrome Sacroiliac Joint Pain Sacroiliac pain Sacroiliitis Sagittal balance Scapula (Shoulder blade) Scapular alignment Scapular dyskinesis Scapular functional instability Scapular impingement Scapular impingement syndrome Scapular instability Scapular mobility Scapular Muscle Overuse Syndrome Scapular muscles Scapular Notch Scapular recurrence / recurrent scapular instability Scapular stability Scapulohumeral arthropathy Scapulohumeral Dyskinesia Scapulohumeral dyskinesis Scapulohumeral Instability Scapulohumeral Ligament Scapulohumeral Muscle Strain Scapulohumeral Rehabilitation Scapulohumeral rhythm Scapulohumeral tendonitis syndrome Scapuloplasty Scapulothoracic “Joint” Scapulothoracic Dysfunction Scapulothoracic Rehabilitation Scar tissue Schanz bandage (Schanz splint) Scheuermann's Disease Schmorl’s node Sciatic nerve Sciatic pain Sciatic point Sciatica Sclerosis (bone or tissue) Sclerosis (bone or tissue) Scoliosis Screw osteosynthesis Screw osteosynthesis Secondary Intention Healing Secondary osteoarthritis Secondary pain Secondary spondyloarthritis Semi-articular lesion Semi-circular gait trajectory Semi-synthetic biomaterials Semipermeable boundary layer Semispinalis muscle Sequestered Disc Herniation Shear forces Shockwave therapy Short leg Short tendon Short-term paralysis Shoulder / Knee Arthroplasty Shoulder Abduction Shoulder adduction Shoulder arthritis Shoulder arthritis Shoulder arthroscopy Shoulder bursitis Shoulder Deformity Shoulder dislocation Shoulder dysfunction Shoulder girdle Shoulder hyperextension Shoulder immobilization Shoulder impingement syndrome Shoulder injury Shoulder instability Shoulder kinetic dysfunction Shoulder Muscle Hypertrophy Shoulder myopathy Shoulder Over-Pronation Dysfunction Shoulder Pain Shoulder periarthritis Shoulder pseudo-arthroplasty Shoulder ring syndrome Shoulder/knee tenorrhaphy Single-leg stance phase (hemistatic phase) Skeletal system Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) Slipped disc Smith Fracture Soft tissue injury Soft tissue overload Soft tissues Sonography (musculoskeletal ultrasound) Spina bifida (split spine) Spinal alignment Spinal alignment Spinal angulation Spinal biomechanics Spinal canal Spinal Canal Spinal canal compression Spinal canal hematoma Spinal Canal Stenosis Spinal canal widening (spinal canal expansion) Spinal column Spinal contusion / vertebral microfractures Spinal cord Spinal cord compression Spinal cord decompression Spinal cord herniation Spinal cord injury Spinal cord ischemia Spinal curvature Spinal decompression Spinal decompression Spinal deformity with inward curvature Spinal disc Spinal dysfunction Spinal fixation system Spinal flexibility Spinal fusion Spinal fusion Spinal fusion Spinal fusion
 Spinal instability Spinal instability Spinal kyphosis Spinal Load Spinal loading Spinal loading Spinal micro-instability Spinal nerve (nervus spinalis) Spinal Rehabilitation Spinal stabilization Spinal stenosis Spinal stenosis Spinal stenosis Spinal stenosis Spinal strain Spinal support Spinal traction Spinal Unloading and Realignment (Therapeutic Term) Spine – microsurgical nerve decompression Splint (immobilization device) Spondylitis Spondyloarthritis Spondyloarthritis Spondyloarthropathy Spondylolisthesis Spondylolisthesis
 Spondylolysis Spondylosis Spondylotic myelopathy Sports injury Sports-related spinal injuries Sprain Sprain Stabilization brace Standing balance Static dysfunction Static gait analysis Static imbalance Static loading Stem cells Steroids Stiffness Strength test Strengthening Stress Fracture Stress fractures (pseudo-fractures) Stress transition zone Structural strength of implants Subacromial impingement Subacromial syndrome Subacute pain Subacute rehabilitation phase Subcapital joint / Subhead region Subcapital osteonecrosis Subcapital osteosynthesis Subcapital tendon rupture Subchondral bone Subchondral cyst Subchondral sclerosis Subchondral tissue (beneath the cartilage) Subclinical instability Subcutaneous hematoma Subcutaneous tissue Subluxation Subluxation Subluxation (partial dislocation) Subluxation (partial displacement of a joint or bone) Subscapular joint / Subscapular region Successful osteosynthesis Sudden acute pain Sudden functional loss Sudden muscle spasm Superficial bursitis Superficial muscles Supraspinatus muscle Supraspinatus muscle articulation (functional relationship) Supraspinatus tendinopathy Supraspinatus tendinopathy Surgical Decompression Surgical rehabilitation Swelling (edema) Synovial fluid Synovial fluid (joint fluid) Synovial joint (diarthrosis) synovial membrane Synovial membrane (joint membrane) Synovitis (of the joint membrane) Systemic muscle imbalance Systemic strain

Talus Tarlov cyst Tarsus Tendinitis Tendinopathies – Overuse Tendinopathy Tendinopathy (tendon disorder) Tendinous-muscular instability Tendon Tendon
 Tendon calcification Tendon calcification removal Tendon calcifications Tendon Friction Tendon inflammation (tendinitis) Tendon reattachment Tendon repair (surgical tendon repair) Tendon repair (tendon suturing) Tendon repair (tenorrhaphy) Tendon rupture Tendon rupture Tendon transfer Tendon transfer Tendon transfer
 Tenorrhaphy Tenosynovitis Tenosynovitis
 The patellar reflex (knee-jerk reflex) Therapeutic brace Therapeutic exercise Therapeutic Follicular Injection Therapeutic physical activity Therapeutic protocol Thermal Radiofrequency Ablation of the Medial Branches of the Spinal Nerves Thermo-sensitive biomaterials Thigh muscles Thighs Thoracic alignment Thoracic disc disease Thoracic disc herniation Thoracic dislocation Thoracic hyperkyphosis Thoracic kyphosis Thoracic kyphosis Thoracic loading Thoracic mobility Thoracic movement dysfunction Thoracic outlet syndrome Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Thoracic region of the spine Thoracic restriction Thoracic spine Thoracic stiffness Thoracic vertebrae Thoracolumbar fascia Thoracolumbar junction Thoracolumbar kinematics Thoracolumbar spinal fusion Thoracolumbar syndrome Thoracoscopy Thrombosis (postoperative complication) Thyroid cartilage Tibia Tibia and fibula Tibiofemoral Joint Tibiofemoral Joint Tibiofibular joint Tibiofibular Joint Tissue bleaching (tissue clearing) Tissue circulatory disorder Tissue elasticity Tissue hypotonia Tissue hypoxia Tissue infrastructure Tissue Load Tissue maturation Tissue overload Tissue regeneration Tissue vitality Titanium alloys Torticollis Total arthroplasty Total joint replacement Total ligament tear Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) Transforaminal Lumbar Epidural Injection Transforaminal/Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF/PLIF) Transitional vertebra Trapezius muscle Trauma (injury) Traumatic arthritis Traumatic chondropathy Traumatic Injury Traumatic Instability Traumatic instability of the knee/shoulder Traumatic joint instability Traumatic Microinjury Traumatic rupture Traumatology Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) Trigeminal neuralgia Trigger points Trochanteritis Trochlea / pivot joint Trunk deformity with medial curvature Trunk deviation (lateral deviation Trunk movement dysfunction Trunk support Type of fracture

Ulna (olecranon) Ulnar collateral ligament Ulnar nerve Ulnar nerve Ulnar neuropathy Ultrasonography Uncovertebral arthropathy Underlying osteoarthritis Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Union / Nonunion (Pseudarthrosis) Use of orthopedic aids

Vacuum Phenomenon valgus axis Valgus deformity Valgus deformity of the first metatarsal Valgus knee Varus deformity Varus knee Vertebra vertebral compression fracture Vertebral compression fracture Vertebral Compression Fracture Vertebral edema Vertebral endplate damage vertebral fracture Vertebral hypoplasia vertebral injury Vertebral pseudo-fractures Vertebral stress fracture Vertebroplasty

weight-bearing zone Whiplash-type cervical injury Wooden splint Worn joint

X-ray (Radiography) Xenoarthroplasty Xenobiomaterial Xenogeneic Implant Xenogeneic Material Xenograft Xenograft Xenograft Tissue Xenomorphic Deformity Xenotransplantation Xiphisternal articulation Xiphoid process Xiphoid Process Xiphoid process tenderness Xiphoid region Xiphosternal ligament Xiphothoracic ligament

Zone of muscular dysregulation Zygomatic bone Zygomatic bone injury Zygomatic ligament Zygomatic–acromial joint

Συμπίεση νεύρου

Μuscle spasm