Elbow dysfunction refers to a disturbance of the normal function of the elbow joint, which may present with reduced range of motion, decreased muscle strength, instability, or pain during daily activities or sports-related movements.
It may result from various causes, including injuries such as fractures, dislocations, and ligament tears; overuse syndromes such as epicondylitis or epitrochleitis; degenerative changes of the joint; as well as neurological disorders affecting the nerve supply of the muscles around the elbow, such as ulnar nerve entrapment.
This dysfunction can significantly affect the fine motor function of the upper limb, as the elbow acts as a critical link between the arm and forearm, allowing precise positioning of the hand in space.
Clinically, evaluation includes assessment of the range of motion in flexion, extension, pronation, and supination, testing of muscle strength, and specific clinical maneuvers to identify particular disorders. Imaging studies may be used to confirm the underlying cause.
Treatment is individualized according to the specific cause and may include physical therapy with targeted mobilization and strengthening exercises, medication for pain and inflammation control, or, in more severe cases, surgical intervention to restore normal joint function.