Arthroscopic meniscus repair

Arthroscopic meniscus repair is a minimally invasive surgical technique used for the treatment of meniscal tears of the knee, during which, through small incisions and with the use of an arthroscope, the surgeon aims either to suture and reconnect the damaged portion or to perform partial removal of it, depending on the type, location, and extent of the tear. Meniscal repair is preferred when the tear is located in the peripheral, well-vascularized zone of the meniscus, where the chances of healing are greater, particularly in younger patients with an acute traumatic tear, whereas partial meniscectomy is preferred for tears located in the central, poorly vascularized zone, where healing is unlikely, or in degenerative-type tears. Preservation of as much healthy meniscal tissue as possible is particularly important, as the meniscus plays a critical role in shock absorption, load distribution, and knee joint stability, while extensive removal increases the long-term risk of developing early osteoarthritis. Postoperative rehabilitation differs significantly depending on the technique performed: after meniscal repair, a longer period of joint protection is usually required, with restrictions on weight-bearing and knee flexion for several weeks to allow healing, whereas after partial meniscectomy, return to activity is generally faster. The physiotherapy program includes gradual restoration of range of motion, strengthening of the muscles surrounding the knee, and progressive return to functional activity, with the aim of ensuring a safe return of the patient to daily or athletic activities.