Cervical alignment refers to the normal arrangement and positioning of the cervical vertebrae, which under physiological conditions form a gentle forward curvature known as cervical lordosis. This natural curvature is essential for the proper distribution of mechanical loads, shock absorption, and protection of the spinal cord and nerve roots.
Disruption of this normal curvature, such as straightening (loss of lordosis), reversal of the curvature (cervical kyphosis), or lateral deviation of the cervical spine, may result from poor posture, prolonged use of electronic devices, muscle spasm, degenerative changes of the intervertebral discs, or traumatic injuries. Altered cervical alignment may lead to neck pain, headaches, reduced range of motion, and symptoms caused by irritation or compression of neural structures, such as numbness, tingling, or pain radiating to the shoulders and upper limbs.
Assessment is usually performed with a lateral cervical spine X-ray, while treatment focuses on correcting posture, performing targeted strengthening exercises for the cervical muscles, physiotherapy, and, when necessary, ergonomic modifications in the patient's workplace or daily environment. The goal is to restore optimal spinal mechanics, reduce symptoms, and improve the functional capacity of the cervical region.