Uncovertebral arthropathy refers to degenerative changes affecting the uncovertebral joints (also known as Luschka joints), which are small secondary joints located on the posterolateral aspects of the cervical vertebral bodies, from the third to the seventh cervical vertebra. These joints are unique to the cervical spine and are not found in any other region of the spinal column.
The uncovertebral joints gradually develop during childhood and adolescence and contribute to cervical spine stability by limiting excessive lateral movements and protecting the adjacent nerve roots. With aging or chronic mechanical stress, these joints may undergo degenerative changes, including the formation of osteophytes that can protrude into the intervertebral foramen, narrowing the space through which the cervical nerve roots pass.
This condition is a common cause of cervical radiculopathy, producing pain, tingling, numbness, or weakness radiating to the shoulder and upper limb, particularly during cervical extension or lateral flexion toward the affected side.
Diagnosis is based on imaging studies. Plain radiographs can demonstrate osteophyte formation, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides a more detailed assessment of their relationship with the neural structures and nerve roots.
Treatment is usually conservative and includes physical therapy and medication for pain and inflammation. Surgical intervention is reserved for cases with persistent symptoms or significant neurological impairment.