Genu varum–valgum deformity (mixed knee malalignment)

Genu valgum and genu varum are two different alignment disorders of the lower limbs. In genu valgum (knock knee), the knees deviate inward and move closer to each other, while the ankles remain separated. In genu varum (bow legs), the knees move apart from each other, while the ankles come closer together. These deformities may affect gait, the mechanical loading of the joint, and increase the risk of pain or degenerative changes. Assessment is performed through clinical examination and, when required, radiographic evaluation. Treatment depends on the patient's age, the severity, and the underlying cause of the deformity.