Endoscopic intervertebral disc surgery is particularly gentle for the patient, as it avoids large skin incisions and extensive opening of the spinal canal. Instead, the surgeon first inserts a thin spinal needle into the area of the herniation under X-ray guidance. A contrast agent is injected through this needle, allowing clearer visualization of the findings on X-rays. The spinal needle is then replaced with a working cannula. This cannula serves as a guide for very fine surgical instruments used to remove the protruding parts of the disc.
Endoscopic disc surgery is performed under local anesthesia, so there are usually no major issues with patient comfort or significant postoperative pain. With the help of a special brace that temporarily supports the spine, patients can often leave the clinic the next morning. Through daily exercises prescribed by rehabilitation specialists, the back muscles are strengthened, helping to prevent recurrence of back problems.